The interaction of a fast laser with molecules at the femtosecond time scale, leads to the latter losing most of its valence electrons and become positively charged. The molecule which was initially in an equilibrium state, ...

Cellulose biosynthesis is a common feature of land plants and involves multimeric complexes composed of cellulose synthase A (CESA) proteins and other structural proteins. The exact stoichiometry of CESA proteins and ...

Aberrant gene expression is a hallmark of disease, so it is of great interest to develop targeted therapies that provide a means to regulate gene expression. The RNA interference pathway serves as a natural defense system ...